Always closely
connected with their motherland, the Macedonians lived with centuries with the
tradition they passed over from generation to generation and thus creating new,
rare and unusual substantial and spiritual culture with patriarhic features.
From their extensive cultural heritage, the Macedonian creators of impressive
folklore poetry and music preserved significant cultural heritage even today -
Macedonian folklore art.Macedonian
folklore art developed alongside its creators as a reflection of the creative
spirit and high values of the Macedonians. It matured on the basis of Old-Slavic
and Balkan art as well as on the basis of the various elements from the other
peoples, especially Byzantium and Turkey. Even today the Macedonians live
together with several other nationalities (Vlahs, Albanians, Turks) that has an
impact on the development of Macedonian art. Although Macedonian folklore
embraces exotic elements, it still developed independently and uniquely
transforming itself according to its taste and changing it into its indivisible
part.
The artistic activity and talent was
transferred to everyday objects that, at the same time, were simple, beautiful
and practical. Abiding the traditional technological process inherited from
former times, the anonimuous author created various objects from plants and
animal substances such as: wood, clay, stone, metal and other natural
substances. The different objects for everyday use, especially the practical
ones, were enriched with aesthetic features.
Special attention was given to apparel design
and decoration. The traditional costumes are the most obvious and numerous
examples of traditional creations. The traditional costumes in Macedonia were
created for a long time, so the traces from old cultural influences are obvious.
The elements of the Old Balkan, the Slav culture as well as the oreinetal
culture were also incorporated with the old cultural influences. Western
Macedonia, divided into smaller regional units with different ethnic traits, is
a real mosaic of various beautiful costumes, especially women's customs.
The decorative Macedonian embroidery, with
characteristical forms and picturesque colours, gives the national costumes
special expression and originality. Women's garments are distinctively
decorated. They are the main feature of such traditional artistic creations. The
embroidery is not only an artistic expression and important element, but it is
also the most distinctive part of the costumes from the different regions. It
was their trademark according to which one could tell the origin of the costume.
Most often Macedonian folklore embroidery was
made of woolen or silk thread with red being the predominate colour. Light red
is especially common for the Prilep, Bitola, Debar and Ohrid regions. Women's
garments from Dolni Polog and Skopska Crna Gora are decorated with black
embroidery and it reminds on the stylistic composition of Early Christian
textile decor.
Folklore textile in Macedonia is an important
branch of folklore art. Although today its use is limited, it continues to be a
necessary and indivisible part of every Macedonian in most regions. Macedonian
carpets made in Ohrid, Prilep, Krusevo are especially significant. They are
truly valuable because of the beauty, rich decoration and harmonic colours.
Jewlery has a special place in Macedonian folklore art. It is considered as the
most decorative and inseparable part of the traditional costumes alongside the
embroidery. The jewelry is made of various substances (gold, silver, bronze,
copper), and with different techniques (filigree, gravure, molding). The jewelry
has various forms, many decorations and is harmonized with the costumes.
Macedonian jewelry can be found in the well known filigree centers in Bitola,
Ohrid, Struga, Skopje, from where the hand-made objects are distributed
throughout the country.
Same samples of jewelry are real filigree
masterpieces with old preserved forms and elements. Especially richly ornamented
is the jewelry found on the formal women's garment from Skopska Crna Gora,
Skopska Blatija, Struga and Ohrid district, and Prilep valley. It gives the
traditional costume a special artistic effect. Apart from the metal jewelry,
various pearl ornaments from Eastern Macedonia can be found. The pearl jewelry
is hand-made with very rich stylistic motifs.
Various metal objects for everyday use made by
blacksmiths have artistic forms and have hand-made gravure or a relief on the
surface. These copper bowls are very frequent in Macedonia especially in the
towns Ohrid, Prilep, Krusevo and Skopje. They have distinctive forms and
original lines and are well combined functional objects. Pottery in Macedonia
developed throughout many centuries, and today it can be found in the centers in
Veles,Resen, Struga, Skopje, Debar, especially in village Vranestica, Kicevo
district.
Macedonian pottery is distinguished by its
ancient forms that give the objects monumental impression. Such are the massive
and heavy bowls from Debar, Struga and Skopje. The pottery objects are made of
clay and they are decorated was quite primitive means: colours, graphite, relief
motifs. With their different forms and rich decorations they leave the
impression of well-developed sense for art and fertile imagaination.
Folklore gravure reached its peak in the well
known creations of the Macedonian carvers from Miyak, population that lived in
the mountains near Debar. They gave form to the wood like professional
wood-cutters and created special and specific art that raised the folklore level
and became common Balkan heritage.
The masters from Miyak created both surface
carvings and deep carvings. They decorated the rich houses in the towns (in
Tetovo, Debar), the churches St. Spas - Skopje, St. Dimitar - Bitola and the
monastery St. Jovan Bigorski in Macedonia, as well as all over the Balkans, and
left valuable cultural and historical monuments and masterpieces of this branch
in the Macedonian folklore art. |